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Wednesday, March 18, 2020

St. Patrick, The Forgotten and Found


Being an Irish-speaker, and one who has lived in Ireland (working in an Irish-language bookstore, even, for a year or so, and descendant of all sorts of Irish) and so on, wandering long along the streams and fields in the twilight (Ireland herself, never, ever, leaves you), a life-long student of all things involving the second largest British Isle, I have to say:

We know nothing about Catricius (the Irish couldn't pronounce the P-sound in those days) except what he, himself, wrote. All the rest is legend written down at least a century and a half later, and by Irish clerics in Armagh who wanted to lay claim to be the principal church/monastery in all Ireland. By that time, Ireland was (kinda sorta, more or less) Christian entirely. The Pope had sent Palladius, though we've not clue how successful he was -- he was only supposed to be a bishop to already believing Christians. And St. Brigid had been responsible for converting Leinster and lands about. But Patrick – up to then, in a freshly all-Christian Éire – was unknown, unmentioned. He had been as forgotten as one could be. Then suddenly, the Armagh crew was crowing. It's as though someone discovered his two surviving documents in an attic somewhere, because there seems to be no memory of him until suddenly, poof! His documents are there and published, and the fabulous history hastily written up by the Armagh crowd.

And because of the way he narrated his tale, in part, and because of the absolutely unique way he wrote in Latin, as some scholars have said, he might as well not have written anything at all. However, his documents are SO unique, there can absolutely no doubt Patrick wrote them. They're simply unbelievably rare and utterly precious.

For Patrick wrote Latin the way a fifth-century someone of his (much curtailed) education would write. As such, in the entire corpus of Latin literature, from it's beginning, Patrick's is the only example of a (relatively) unlettered lettered man writing in Latin. That makes it HARD TO READ for scholars, believe me.

We have his Confession, and His Letter to the Soldiers of Corotius. But though he gives the town where he was from, Patrick doesn't say what region it was in, or even what country; i.e. Gaul or Britain. The idea of writing that out, or saying what kingdom in Ireland he was enslaved in, simply doesn't occur to him. He was from The Empire, don't you know. Where in the Empire was of small concern to him. We generally assume he came from Britain, in the western area; i.e. modern Wales, or Cornwall, or Cumbria in the north, but we really have no clue. "My father was Calpornius. He was a deacon; his father was Potitus, a priest, who lived at Bannavem Taburniae. His home was near there, and that is where I was taken prisoner." 

Alright, Boyo, ceart go leor, m' bhuachaill, and just where was Bannavem Taburniae? And what sort of home? Probably a country villa, such as dotted Britannia (the Welsh: Prydain) in late Roman times. But we can't be sure of anything. He wrote in the Confession that he was enslaved to a man for six years, escaped through God's inspiration, and came back home (wherever that was), where he received a message in a dream from people living in the "Wood of Volcut" near the "Western Sea." (Modern translations mention "home in Britain" but I'd have to see the original Latin for that.) However, was he meaning the Atlantic, the Western Sea from an Irish perspective, or the Irish Sea, from a Britain perspective. We don't know. No clue. I believe it is generally assumed he was in and around the County Down, mainly, in northeast Ireland. His burial site is there, of course.

And so it goes. When Patricius escaped from Ireland, after a three-day voyage, he landed in a desolate land with the mariners, and traveled for 28 days through a "wilderness". Scholars say there's nowhere in Western Europe at that time that one could travel for a month in a "wilderness". This, of all the mysteries in the Confession, is the most obscure.

It is the only writing in the entire Confession, however, that we can doubt. Everything else he wrote in it, no matter how obscure, we can take for absolute fact. And note, too, that his tale is not one of astounding miracles such as defeating the Druids, or converting the High King (good luck with that!), or anything else. Crom and the Old Ones were secure, so they thought. He does report dreams, however, visions in dreams, intense bouts of prayer, but no miracles. Everything he writes is filled with his passion, too. It is amazing material to read, just astounding. But as noted, murky enough to leave us with more questions than answers. An exploring anthropologist he was not. Oh, though, had he been a British Herodotus! But no, no such luck.

Finally, Patricius seems most in a passion about defending himself, to be writing in defense of his mission. Brethren back home (Britain?) accuse him of misleading the Irish, cleaning out their wallets. Patrick, like Donald Trump (half-Scottish) doesn't take that. He fights back. That's the reason he wrote Confession and the Letter (written against a British warlord of carried off some of Patrick's flocks as slaves). But most amazing, perhaps, of all, we get a strong glimpse of the fact that Patrick might not even have been ordained – not as a priest, and certainly not as a bishop! THAT might have been the underlying issue all along. If so, it just adds more incredibleness, more astonishment, to Patrick's Tale.

And all that is, after all, far more interesting than out-druiding the Druids or sending ol' Crom Cruach and Lugh Lámhfada Samildánach packing! (Fionn stayed around, of course; ye just can't get rid of Fionn.)


An Préachan

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