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Saturday, October 7, 2017

Guest post: Defining Texts: Comments on the Various Bible Translations




DEFINING TEXTS

I am not a Biblical scholar however I read my Bible regularly.  Many of us do.  The Roman  Mass and the Eastern Divine Liturgy are full of Biblical references.

It is easy to become confused with all of the translations of the Holy Bible and more coming out all of the time. As they appear, they are greeted as the “best translation yet,  the easiest to understand, and most up-dated according to recent Biblical scholarship.”  I spoke with a good and holy priest of my acquaintance about my concerns (and no small amount of confusion). I hated to purchase a Bible and only then discover that the translation is poor at best and downright wrong in some instances.  He told me about the “defining texts.” These are passages that are central to Catholic dogma. He suggested that I quickly scan the pages for the following chapters and verses and that short  review should tell me how accurate or good  the translation is. 

That sounded like an excellent idea. So I did as he suggested and I offer this simple and good method to your readers.

The DEFINING TEXTS  are:
St. MATTHEW 16:15-19
St. MATTHEW 28:18-20
St. MARK 10:5-12
St. LUKE 2:48-50[1]
St. JOHN 3:5
St. JOHN 6:47-58
St. JOHN 20:21-23
1 St. John 5:7-8

I have included the translations in the  Interlinear described below and the Douay-Rheims.  Go from there.

A NEW TESTAMENT INTERLINEAR (INT)
The Interlinear Literal Translation of the Greek New Testament.  George Ricker Berry, Ph.D., University of Chicago and Colgate University, Department of Semitic Languages.
Wilcox and Follett Company, Chicago, 1943.  It was recommended to me and given to me as an aid in Biblical study by The Reverend Monsignor Maurice Aloysius Hofer, Ph.D., Papal Chamberlain, September 1958, Domestic Prelate, 1963, Professor of Biblical Studies, The Pontifical College Josephinum in Columbus, Ohio.

DOUAY-RHEIMS (DR)
Translated from the Latin Vulgate.  The New Testament was first published by the English College at Rheims A.D. 1582.  The re-edited edition by Rev. James A. Carey, M.A. was first published A.D. 1935.  The Douay Bible House, New York 1938
                       
St. Matthew 16:15-19

INT      15  He says to them, “But ye, whom me do ye pronounce to be?”  16    And answering, Simon Peter said, “Thou are the Christ, the Son of God the living.”  17   And answering Jesus said to him, “Blessed art thou, Simon Bar-Jonas, for flesh and  blood revealed [it] not to thee, but My Father who [is] in the heavens.  18  and I also to thee say, That thou art Peter, and on this rock I will build my assembly, and gates of hades shall not prevail against it.  19  And I will give to thee the keys of the kingdom of the heavens:  and whatever thou mayest bind on the earth, shall be bound in the heavens; and whatever thou mayest loose on the earth, shall be loosed in the heavens.”

DR       16  Jesus saith to them:  “but who do you say that I am?”  Simon Peter answered and said; “Thou art Christ, the Son of the living God.”   17 And Jesus answering said to him:  “Blessed art thou, Simon Bar Jona:  because flesh and blood hath not revealed it to thee, but my Father who is in heaven.  18  And I say to thee:  That thou art Peter; and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.  19   And I will give to thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven.  And whatsoever thou shalt bind upon earth, it shall be bound also in heaven:  and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth, it shall be loosed also in heaven.”

St. Matthew 28:18-20

INT      18  And having come to [them] Jesus spoke to them saying, “Has been given to Me all authority in heaven and on earth.  19  Going therefore disciples all the nations, baptizing them to the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit;  teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I commanded you.  And, lo, I with you am all the days until the completion of the age.  Amen.”

DR       18  And Jesus coming, spoke to them, saying:  “All power is given to me in heaven and in earth.  19  Going therefore, teach ye all nations: baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost  20  Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you:  and behold I am with you all days even unto the consummation of the world.”

St. Mark 10:5-12

INT      5 And answering Jesus said to them, “In view of your hardheartedness he wrote for you this commandment; 6 but from [the] beginning of creation male and female, made them God. 7 On account of this shall leave a man his father and mother, and shall be joined to his wife, 8 and shall be the two for flesh one; so that no longer are they two, but one flesh.  9 What therefore God united together, man let not separate.” 10 And in the house again his disciples concerning the same thing asked Him.  11 And He says to them, “Whoever should put away his wife and should marry another, commits adultery against her.  12 And if a woman should put away her husband and be married to another, she commits adultery.”

DR       5  To whom Jesus answering, said:  “Because of the hardness of your hearts he wrote you that precept.  6 But from the beginning of the creation, God made them male and female.  7 For this cause a man shall leave his father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife.  8 And they two shall be in one flesh.  Therefore now they are not two, but one flesh.  9 What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder.” 10 And in the house again his disciples asked him concerning the same thing.  11 And he saith to them:  “Whosoever shall put away his wife and marry another, committeth adultery against her.  12 And if the wife shall put away her husband, and be married to another, she committeth adultery.

St. Luke 2:48-50

INT      48 And seeing him they were astonished: and to him his mother said, “Child,  why hast thou done to us thus?  Behold, thy father and I distressed were seeking thee.”  49 And he said to them, “Why [is it] that ye were seeking me?  Knew ye not that in the [affairs] of my father it behoves to be me?” 50 And they understood not the word which he spoke to them.

DR       48 And seeing him, they wondered, And his mother said to him:  “Son, why hast thou done so to us?  Behold thy father and I have  sought thee sorrowing.”   49 And he said to them:  “How is it that you sought  me?  Did you not know that I must be about my Father’s business?”  50 And they understood not the word that he spoke unto them.

St. John 3:5

INT      Answered Jesus, “Verily, verily I say to thee, Unless anyone be born of water and of Spirit he cannot enter the kingdom of God.”

DR       Jesus answered:  “Amen, amen I say to thee, unless a man be born again of the water and the Holy Ghost, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.

St. John 6:47-58

INT     47 “Verily verily I say to you, He that believes on me has life eternal.  48 I am the bread of life. 49 Your Fathers ate the manna in the desert, and died.  50 This is the bread which out of heaven comes down, that anyone of it may eat and not die. 51 I am the bread living, which out of the heaven came down:  if anyone shall have eaten of this bread he shall live forever; and the bread also which I will give, my flesh is, which I will give for the of the world life.” 52 Were contending therefore with one another the Jews saying,   “How is able he us to give flesh [his] to eat?”  53 Said therefore to them Jesus, “Verily verily I say to you, Unless ye shall have eaten the flesh of the Son of man and shall have drunk his blood, ye have not life in yourselves. 54 He that eats my flesh, and drinks my blood, has life eternal, and I will raise up him in the last day; 55 for my flesh truly is food, and my blood truly is drink.  56 He that eats my flesh and drinks my blood, in me abides, and I in him.  57 As sent me the living Father, and I live because of the Father, also he that eats me, he also shall live because of me.  58 This is the bread which out of the heaven came down.  Not as ate the fathers of you the manna, and died:  he that eats this bread shall live forever.”


DR      47 “Amen, amen I say unto you:  He that believeth in me, hath everlasting life.  48 I am the bread of life.  49 Your fathers did eat manna in the desert, and are dead.  50 This is the bread which cometh down from heaven; that if any man eat of it, he may not die.  51 I am the living bread which came down from heaven.  52 If  any man eat of this bread, he shall live forever; and the bread that I will give, is my flesh, for the life of the world.”  53 The Jews therefore strove among themselves, saying:  “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?”  54 Then Jesus said to them:  “Amen, amen I say unto you:  Except you eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, you shall not have life in you.  55 He that eateth my flesh, and drinkith my blood, have everlasting life:  and I will raise him up in the last day.  56 For my flesh is meat indeed:  and my blood is drink indeed.  57 He that eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, abideth in me, and I in him.  58 As the living Father hath sent me, and I live by the Father; so he that eatheth me, the same also shall live by me.  59 This is the bread that came down from heaven.  Not as your fathers did eat manna, and are dead.  He that eateth this bread shall live for ever.  

St. John 20:21-23

INT     21 Said therefore to them Jesus again, “Peace to you:  as has sent forth me the Father, I also send you.” 22 And this having said he breathed into [them], and says to them, “Receive [the] Spirit Holy:  23 of whomsoever ye may remit the sins, they are remitted to them; of whomsoever ye may retain, they have been retained.”

DR      21 He said therefore to them again: “Peace be to you.  As the Father hath sent me, I also send you.” 22 When he had said this, he breathed on them; and he said to  them:  “Receive you the Holy Ghost.  23  Whose sins you shall forgive, they are forgiven them; and whose sins you shall retain, they are retained.”

1 St. John 5:7-8

INT        7 “Because three there are who bear witness in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost; and these three one are. 8 And three there are who bear witness on earth, the Spirit, and the water, and the blood; and the three to the one [point] are.”  (In the introduction to the Interlinear it is explained that words in brackets
 [ ] are what have been added in the English to complete the sense where there is no word in the Greek to correspond to the words added.)

DR      7 “And there are three who give testimony in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost.  And these three are one.  8 And there are three that give testimony on earth:  the spirit, and the water, and the blood: and these three are one.”

                                                            Judith Martin
                                                            Powell, Ohio  USA




[1] I added this text.  It is central to Christ’s awareness of who He was.

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